1. Ukunikezelwa kweoksijini ngokujika iimfumba yenye yeemeko ezisisiseko kwimveliso ye-aerobic fermentation.Owona msebenzi uphambili wokujika:
①Nikeza ngeoksijini ukukhawulezisa inkqubo yokuvundiswa kweemicroorganisms;②Lungisa ubushushu bengqumba;③Yomisa ingqumba.
Ukuba inani lokujika lincinci, umthamo wokungena umoya awukwanele ukubonelela ngeoksijini eyaneleyo kwi-microorganisms, eya kuchaphazela ukunyuka kweqondo lokushisa lokutshisa;ukuba inani lokujika liphezulu kakhulu, ubushushu bemfumba yomgquba bunokulahleka, okuya kuchaphazela iqondo lokungabi nabungozi kokuvundiswa.Ngokuqhelekileyo ngokwemeko, imfumba iguqulwa ngamaxesha angama-2-3 ngexesha lokuvutshelwa.
2. Umxholo wezinto eziphilayo uchaphazela ukushisa kwe-stockpile kunye ne-ventilation kunye nokunikezelwa kwe-oxygen.
Umxholo wezinto eziphilayo uphantsi kakhulu, ubushushu obuveliswa kukubola akwanelanga ukukhuthaza nokugcina ukwanda kweebhaktheriya ze-thermophilic kwi-fermentation, kwaye kunzima ukuba i-compost ifike kwinqanaba eliphezulu lobushushu, elichaphazela ucoceko kunye nococeko. isiphumo esingenabungozi sokubilisa.Ngaphezu koko, ngenxa yomxholo ophantsi wezinto eziphilayo, kuya kuchaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kwesichumisi kunye nexabiso lokusetyenziswa kweemveliso ezivundisiweyo.Ukuba umxholo we-organic matter uphezulu kakhulu, kuya kufuneka isixa esikhulu sobonelelo ngeoksijini, nto leyo eya kubangela ubunzima ekujikeni ingqumba ukuze ibonelele ngeoksijini, kwaye kunokubangela iimeko ezithile zeanaerobic ngenxa yokungonelanga kweoksijini.Umxholo ofanelekileyo wezinto eziphilayo yi-20-80%.
3. Owona mlinganiselo uphezulu we-C/N yi-25:1.
Kwi-fermentation, i-organic C isetyenziswa ikakhulu njengomthombo wamandla kwii-microorganisms.Uninzi lwe-organic C i-oxidized kwaye iboliswe kwi-CO2 kwaye iguquguquke ngexesha le-microbial metabolism, kwaye inxalenye ye-C yenza i-cell matter ye-microorganisms ngokwazo.I-nitrojeni isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-synthesis yeprotoplasts, kwaye i-C / N i-C / N i-4-30 ngokuhambelana neemfuno zesondlo se-microorganisms.Xa umlinganiselo we-C / N wezinto eziphilayo ujikeleze i-10, i-organic matter ichithwa yi-microorganisms kwizinga eliphezulu.
Ngokunyuka komlinganiselo we-C/N, ixesha lokubilisa lalilide kakhulu.Xa umlinganiselo C/N wezinto ekrwada 20, 30-50, 78, ixesha ukubila elihambelanayo malunga 9-12 iintsuku, 10-19 iintsuku, kunye neentsuku ezingama-21, kodwa xa umlinganiselo C/N mkhulu 80 Xa : 1, ukubilisa kunzima nje ukwenza.
I-C/N ratio ye-fermentation nganye yezinto eziluhlaza ngokuqhelekileyo: i-sawdust 300-1000, i-straw 70-100, i-raw material 50-80, umgquba wabantu 6-10, umgquba wenkomo 8-26, umgquba wehagu 7-15, umgquba wenkukhu 5 -10 , Ugutyulo lwelindle 8-15.
Emva kokwenza umgquba, umlinganiselo we C/N uya kuba ngaphantsi kakhulu kunoko ngaphambi kokwenza umgquba, ngokuqhelekileyo 10-20:1.Olu hlobo lomlinganiselo we-C/N wokubola kunye nokuvundiswa kunokusebenza kakuhle kwesichumiso kwezolimo.
4. Ingaba umswakama ufanelekile uchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo isantya sokuvutshelwa kunye neqondo lokubola.
Ukuvundiswa kodaka, umxholo wokufuma ofanelekileyo wemfumba ngama-55-65%.Ekusebenzeni kwangempela, indlela elula yokuzimisela yile ilandelayo: bamba izinto ngokuqinileyo ngesandla sakho ukuze wenze ibhola, kwaye kuya kuba neempawu zamanzi, kodwa kungcono ukuba amanzi angaphumi.Obona bumanzi bufanelekele ukuvundiswa kwempahla ekrwada yi-55%.
5. I-granularity
Ioksijini efunekayo ekuvubeleni inikezelwa ngeembobo zamasuntswana we-fermentation ekrwada.I-porosity kunye nobukhulu be-pore buxhomekeke kubukhulu be-particle kunye namandla okwakhiwa.Njengamaphepha, izilwanyana kunye nezityalo, kunye neendwangu zefiber, ubuninzi buya kunyuka xa bubonakaliswe kumanzi kunye noxinzelelo, kwaye i-pores phakathi kwamaqhekeza iya kuncitshiswa kakhulu, engabandakanyi ukungena komoya kunye nokunikezelwa kwe-oxygen.Ubungakanani obufanelekileyo be-particle ngokuqhelekileyo yi-12-60mm.
6. pH Iintsholongwane ziyakwazi ukuvelisa kwakhona kwi-pH enkulu, kwaye i-pH efanelekileyo yi-6-8.5.Ngokuqhelekileyo akukho mfuneko yokulungelelanisa i-pH ngexesha lokuvundiswa.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-27-2023
